Relationship between serum reproductive hormones and sperm parameters and surgical outcomes in Micro-TESE / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between serum reproductive hormones and sperm parameters and outcomes of micro-testicular sperm extraction (Micro-TESE). 【Methods】 Clinical data of 1 091 patients treated in our hospital during Jan. and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the sperm concentration,the patients were divided into non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) group (group A,n=418),normal sperm concentration group (group B,n=615),mild to moderate oligospermia group (group C,n=18),severe oligospermia group (group D,n=18),and obstructive azoospermia group (group E,n=22). In group A,244 cases treated with Micro-TESE were grouped into the sperm-acquired group (Micro-TESE positive group,n=82) and non-sperm-acquired group (Micro-TESE negative group,n=162),and according to the pathological types of testicular tissue,the patients were divided into normal testicular tissue with hypospermatogenesis group (HYPO group,n=129),maturation arrest group (MA group,n=10),and support-only cell syndrome group (SCO group,n=122). Differences in semen parameters and reproductive hormone levels were compared,and relationship between reproductive hormones and sperm parameters and Micro-TESE outcomes was determined with Pearson correlation analysis. 【Results】 In the sperm concentration subgroup,the testicular volume of group A was lower than that of group B and group E (P<0.05); the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in group A were the highest (P<0.05),but the level of testosterone (T) was the lowest (P<0.05); the levels of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and serum inhibin B (INHB) in group A were lower than those in group B and group E (P<0.05),the normal sperm morphology rate in group B was higher than that in group A and group E (P<0.05); the percentage of forward moving sperm in group B was the highest (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that sperm concentration,normal sperm morphology rate,and percentage of forward moving sperm were negatively correlated with age,FSH,LH (P<0.05),and positively correlated with testicular volume,T,AMH,and INHB (P<0.05). NOA patients were grouped according to testicular histology and pathology. The INHB in the SCO group was the smallest of the three groups (P<0.05); the FSH and LH levels in the SCO group were higher than those in the MA group (P<0.05),while the 17β-estradiol (E2) levels in the HYPO group were higher than those in the SCO group (P<0.05). NOA patients were grouped according to the results of Micro-TESE surgical treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in AMH and INHB levels between the Micro-TESE positive and negative groups (P<0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis of factors affecting the Micro-TESE outcomes of NOA patients showed AMH was negatively correlated with the Micro-TESE outcome (OR=0.904,95%CI:0.91-1.08,P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Age,FSH,LH,AMH,and INHB are correlated with sperm concentration,normal sperm morphology rate,and percentage of forward moving sperm. The INHB level was the lowest in the SCO group. The results of Micro-TESE in patients with NOA can be predicted by serum AMH level.

Relationship between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones among male partners with fertility complications: attending CHUB

Background Infertility remains a highly prevalent global condition in the second decade of the new millennium. Reproductive hormones determine sperm quality as they initiate and maintain spermatogenesis. Hormonal imbalance can cause abnormal sperm quality that can be treated by hormonal replacement therapy. Objective To assess the relationship between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones among male partners with fertility complications attending CHUB. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, and a convenient sampling strategy was used to recruit subjects at CHUB. Sixty-two male subjects with fertility complications provided both semen and blood sample to analyze sperm quality and reproductive hormones. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results Both FSH and LH showed a strong negative correlation with sperm count which is more profound with FSH (r= -0.722) than LH (r= -0.545). Testosterone showed a strong positive correlation with sperm count (r= 0.712). FSH and LH showed a negative correlation with sperm motility which is more profound in FSH (r= - 0.312) than LH (r= -0.302). Testosterone also showed a positive correlation with sperm motility (r= 0.360). Conclusion Our study found a correlation between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones. We further suggest other studies to investigate predictive power of male reproductive hormones.

Impact of inhaled anesthetics on the male reproductive system and its mechanisms: An update / 中华男科学杂志

The safety of occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics remains a concern among the medical staff in hospitals. Few reports are seen about the impact of inhaled anesthetics on the reproductive system, particularly that of males. Several clinical and basic studies on isoflurane and others suggest that inhaled anesthetics affect the reproductive system of rodents by decreasing the sperm count, inducing sperm morphological abnormality, reducing sperm motility, and changing the levels of reproductive hormones, the underlying mechanisms of which are mainly associated with the alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and DNA damage and apoptosis of reproductive cells. This article reviews the main impacts of inhaled anesthetics on the male reproductive system and the possible mechanisms.

Correlation of reproductive hormone levels and seminal plasma oxidative stress with semen quality in obese males / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the correlation of the levels of reproductive hormones and oxidative stress in the seminal plasma with semen parameters in obese males.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the body mass index (BMI), we divided 138 infertile men into three groups: normal (BMI <24 kg/m2, n = 48), overweight (24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2, n = 47), and obesity (BMI ≥28 kg/m2, n = 43). We determined the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in the serum by electrochemiluminescence and measured the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the seminal plasma by ELISA, compared the above indexes among the three groups, and analyzed their correlation with the semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The semen volume was significantly lower in the obesity than in the normal group (［2.63 ± 0.74］ vs ［3.37 ± 1.00］ ml, P < 0.05), and so was the percentage of PMS in the overweight and even lower in the obesity than in the normal group (［47.91 ± 12.89］ and ［41.27 ± 15.77］ vs ［54.04 ± 13.29］%, P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, both the overweight and obesity groups showed markedly decreased levels of serum T (［4.83 ± 1.42］ vs ［3.71 ± 1.22］ and ［3.49 ± 1.12］ ng/ml, P<0.05), T/LH ratio (1.53 ± 0.57 vs 1.19 ± 0.54 and 0.97 ± 0.51, P<0.05), SOD (［112.05 ± 10.54］ vs ［105.85 ± 6.93］ and ［99.33 ± 8.39］ U/ml, P<0.05), and GSTs (［31.75±6.03］ vs ［29.54±5.78］ and ［29.02±4.52］ U/L, P<0.05), but remarkably increased seminal plasma ROS (［549.93±82.41］ vs ［620.61±96.13］ and ［701.47±110.60］ IU/ml, P<0.05) and MDA (［7.46 ± 2.13］ vs ［8.72 ± 1.89］ and ［10.47 ± 2.10］ nmol/L, P<0.05). BMI was correlated positively with ROS and MDA, but negatively with the semen volume, PMS, T, T/LH, SOD and GSTs (P<0.05); LH negatively with sperm concentration, total sperm count and GSTs (P<0.05); PRL negatively GSTs (P<0.05); E2 positively with SOD (P<0.05); T positively with SOD (P<0.05) but negatively with MDA (P<0.05); T/LH positively with PMS and SOD (P<0.05) but negatively with ROS and MDA (P<0.05); SOD positively with semen volume, PMS and GSTs (P<0.05) but negatively with ROS and MDA (P<0.05); GSTs negatively with sperm concentration; total sperm count and MDA (P<0.05); ROS positively with MDA (P<0.01) but negatively with PMS (P<0.05); and MDA negatively with semen volume (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors influencing the semen volume were BMI and GSTs, those influencing the total sperm count were BMI and T, and those influencing PMS were BMI and MDA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Increased BMI induces changes in the levels of male reproductive hormones and seminal plasma oxidative stress and affects semen quality, which may be associated with male infertility.</p>

Correlation of insulin resistance with male reproductive hormone levels and semen parameters / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the influence of insulin resistance on male reproductive hormones and semen quality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the electrochemiluminescence method, we measured the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in the serum of 83 infertile males. We detected the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) and calculated the insulin resistance index presented as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Based on HOMA-IR, we divided the patients into three tertile groups, T1 (HOMA-IR 0.36－0.55, n = 27), T2 (HOMA-IR 0.56－0.80, n = 28) and T3 (HOMA-IR 0.81－1.97, n = 28), obtained their semen parameters by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and analyzed the correlation of HOMA-IR with male reproductive hormone levels and semen parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the elevation of HOMA-IR, the patients of the T1, T2 and T3 groups showed significant decreases in the serum T level (［14,26 ± 4.27］ vs ［14.75 ± 5.00］ vs ［11.62 ± 3.68］ nmol/L, P <0.05) and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) (［51.04 ± 15.10］% vs ［48.04 ± 16.24］% vs ［37.84 ± 18.23］%, P <0.05). HOMA-IR was correlated negatively with the serum T level (r = －0.333, P = 0.002), semen volume (r = －0.23, P = 0.029) and PMS (r = －0.27, P = 0.015), and so was FINS with the serum T level (r = －0.327, P = 0.003) and PMS (r = －0.315, P = 0.004), while the semen volume was correlated positively with the levels of serum T (r = 0.221, P = 0.048) and FSH (r = 0.222, P = 0.047). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was an independent influencing factor for PMS and the body mass index (BMI) was that for the semen volume and total sperm count.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Insulin resistance may reduce semen quality by changing the levels of male reproductive hormones.</p>

Protective effects of saffron against zearalenone-induced alterations in reproductive hormones in female mice (Mus musculus) / 대한생식의학회지

OBJECTIVE: Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin with potent estrogenic effects. Saffron is an herbal product that has antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of saffron against reproductive toxicity induced by ZEA in female mice. METHODS: Ninety 8-week-old female mice were randomly allocated into three treatment groups. The first group received an intraperitoneal injection of ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days. The second group received ZEA (2.5 mg/kg) on alternate days plus oral saffron daily (50 mg/kg). The third group was treated with a vehicle of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on alternate days, as a control. Ten mice were euthanized from each group at 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were assessed. The uterus and ovaries were examined for changes in size or morphology. RESULTS: Serum levels of LH, FSH, E2, and P in the female mice treated with ZEA plus saffron were significantly higher than in those treated with ZEA alone, and were not significantly different from those treated with 1% DMSO. The female mice treated with ZEA alone showed a reduction in size of the uterus and abnormal architecture of the ovaries. CONCLUSION: The administration of saffron to female mice resulted in a significant reduction in ZEA-induced alterations in reproductive hormone levels, the size of the uterus, and the morphology of the ovaries.

Assessment of ovarian follicles and serum reproductive hormones in molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles treated rats / Evaluación de folículos ováricos y hormonas reproductivas en suero de ratas tratadas con nanopartículas de trióxido de molibdeno

SUMMARY: Special features of nanoparticles have resulted in their widespread use. Small molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3) nanoparticles can translocate from the entry portals into the circulatory and lymphatic systems and ultimately to body tissues and organs depending on their composition and size. In this research, sixty Wistar rats weighting 180-250 g were divided into 6 groups (n=10) randomly: Group 1 (Control) did not receive any medicine. Group 2 (Sham) received intraperitoneal normal saline for 35 days on a daily basis. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 received 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg MoO3, respectively, the same way in the sham group and at the same interval. At the end of the experiment, the rats were weighted again and anesthetised. Then blood samples were taken from their hearts to determine the serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropins. Their ovaries were removed and ovarian volume, follicular diameter, number of each follicle type, and oocyte volume were determined. Results indicated that MoO3 nanoparticles strongly reduced body and ovarian weights in the rats. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in ovarian volume, the number of follicle types, oocyte volume and follicular diameter. The nanoparticles increased the number of atretic follicles via ovarian tissue structure. MoO3 nanoparticles decreased serum estrogen level and increased serum level of FSH that was associated with disruption in the regulation of progesterone and LH secretion. The findings showed that MoO3 nanoparticles could bear negative effects on ovarian structure and function.

RESUMEN: Las características específicas de las nanopartículas han dado lugar a su uso generalizado. Las pequeñas nanopartículas de trióxido de molibdeno (MoO3) pueden penetrar los sistemas circulatorios y linfáticos y, en última instancia, dependiendo de su composición y tamaño, también los tejidos y órganos del cuerpo. En esta investigación se dividieron 60 ratas Wistar con un peso de 180-250 g en 6 grupos (n = 10) aleatoriamente: el Grupo 1 (Control) no recibió ningún medicamento. El Grupo 2 (Sham) recibió solución salina normal intraperitoneal durante 35 días diariamente. Los grupos 3, 4, 5 y 6 recibieron 50, 100, 200 y 300 mg / kg de MoO3 respectivamente, de la misma manera en el grupo simulado, y en el mismo intervalo. Concluyendo el experimento, las ratas se pesaron nuevamente y fueron anestesiadas. Luego se tomaron muestras de sangre de los corazones para determinar los niveles séricos de estrógeno, progesterona y gonadotropinas. Se retiraron los ovarios y se determinó el volumen ovárico, el diámetro folicular, el número de cada tipo de folículo y el volumen de ovocitos. Los resultados indicaron que las nanopartículas de MoO3 redujeron significativamente los pesos corporal y ovárico en las ratas. Además, se observó una disminución importante en el volumen ovárico, el número de tipos de folículos, el volumen de ovocitos y el diámetro folicular. Las nanopartículas aumentaron el número de folículos auriculares a través de la estructura del tejido ovárico. Las nanopartículas de MoO 3 disminuyeron el nivel sérico de estrógeno y aumentaron el nivel sérico de FSH que se asoció con la interrupción en la regulación de la progesterona y la secreción de LH. Los hallazgos mostraron que las nanopartículas de MoO 3 podrían tener efectos negativos sobre la estructura y la función ovárica.

Magnetized drinking water improves productivity and blood parameters in geese / El agua de bebida magnetizada mejora la productividad y los parámetros sanguíneos en gansos / A água magnetizada melhora a produtividade e os parâmetros sanguíneos em gansos

Abstract Background: Quality of drinking water is an issue that imposes limits on animal farming. Improving water quality can be a solution to animal farming and to the enhancement of animal production in areas with limited water supplies. Objective: To evaluate the effect of water quality and magnetized water on productivity and blood parameters of Egyptian geese. Methods: One hundred and eight (108) Egyptian geese were randomly distributed among four water treatments in a 2×2 factorial design that included two types of water (tap water and well water) and exposure or non-exposure to magnetized tap water and magnetized well water. Results: Well water was of poor quality. Geese consuming this water exhibited lower productive and reproductive performance, lower progesterone and estrogen levels, impaired renal and liver functions and lower total antioxidant capacity. Their eggs had lower weight, lower yolk percentage and reduced shell thicknesses. The magnetic treatment improved the quality of both types of water, with a greater effect on well water. Magnetized water increased water consumption and performance of geese, along with improved renal and liver functions, reproductive hormones, and antioxidant status. Magnetized water improved growth performance, dressing percentage of goslings, and the amount of meat produced. Conclusion: Magnetized tap water improved body weight and feed conversion rate, besides renal and hepatic functions. It also increased production, quality and hatchability of eggs, and levels of reproductive hormones (i.e. progesterone and estrogen), and the antioxidant status in blood.

Resumen Antecedentes: La calidad del agua de bebida es un problema que limita la cría de animales. Mejorar la calidad del agua puede ser una solución para la cría de animales y para aumentar su producción en áreas con limitado suministro de agua Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la calidad del agua y del agua magnetizada sobre la productividad y los parámetros sanguíneos de gansos egipcios. Métodos: Ciento ocho gansos se distribuyeron al azar en cuatro tratamientos con un diseño factorial 2×2, que incluyó el efecto de dos tipos de agua (agua de grifo o agua de pozo) y el efecto de la magnetización de ambos tipos. Resultados: El agua de pozo presentó baja calidad. Los gansos que consumieron dicha agua exhibieron peor desempeño productivo y reproductivo, menor nivel de progesterona y estrógeno, deficiencia en las funciones renal y hepática y menor capacidad antioxidante total. Sus huevos mostraron menor peso, bajo porcentaje de yema y reducido espesor de cáscara. El tratamiento magnético mejoró la calidad de ambos tipos de agua, con mayor efecto sobre el agua de pozo. El agua magnetizada mejoró el consumo de agua y el desempeño de los gansos, lo cual contribuyó a una mejoría en las funciones renal y hepática, en las hormonas de la reproducción y en los índices antioxidantes. El agua magnetizada indujo una mejora en el crecimiento, rendimiento en canal y cantidad de carne producida. Conclusión: El agua de pozo magnetizada mejoró el peso corporal y la conversión alimenticia de las aves, además de las funciones renal y hepática; aumentó la producción, calidad y eclosión de los huevos, así como los niveles de hormonas reproductivas (i.e. progesterona y estrógeno) y el estatus antioxidante en sangre.

Resumo Antecedentes: A qualidade da agua é um problema que limita a criação de animais. Melhorar a qualidade da água pode ser uma solução para a criação extensiva de animais e para ampliar a produção animal em áreas com limitado fornecimento de água. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da qualidade da água e da água magnetizada sobre a produtividade e os parâmetros sanguíneos de gansos Egípcios. Métodos: Cento e oito gansos Egípcios foram distribuídos ao acaso entre quatro tratamentos de água em arranjo fatorial 2×2 incluindo dois tipos de água - água da torneira × água de poço e a exposição ou não à água de torneira magnetizada × água de poço magnetizada. Resultados: A água de poço apresentou baixa qualidade. Os gansos que receberam esta água exibiram piores desempenhos produtivo e reprodutivo, menores níveis de progesterona e estrógeno, deficiências nas funções renal e hepática, e menor capacidade antioxidante total. Seus ovos mostraram baixo peso, porcentagens menores de gema e espessura de casca reduzida. O tratamento magnético melhorou a qualidade de ambos os tipos de água, com maior efeito na água de poço. A água magnetizada melhorou o consumo de água e o desempenho dos gansos, o qual contribuiu para a melhora nas funções renal e hepática, nos hormônios da reprodução e nos índices antioxidantes. A água magnetizada induziu uma melhora no crescimento, no rendimento de carcaça e na quantidade de carne produzida. Conclusaõ: A água de poço magnetizada melhorou o peso corporal e a conversão alimentar das aves, além das funções renal e hepática, aumentou a produção, qualidade e eclodibilidade dos ovos, também os níveis de hormônios reprodutores (i.e. progesterona e estrógeno) e o status antioxidante no sangue.

The Effects of Reproductive Hormones on Speech-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Young Adults / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between reproductive hormone concentration and the amplitude and latency of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) in young adults, and to explore the effects of reproductive hormone on the speech processing ability of young people.Methods Speech-ABR of thirty five normal hearing young adults, including seventeen females (27.29±1.83 years old) and eighteen males (28.17±2.50 years old) were recorded.The speech syllable /da/ was transmitted as a stimulus sound to the right ears through insert earphones in speech-ABR test.All participants had air conduction hearing thresholds of 20 dB HL or better across the standard audiometric frequencies (250~8 000 Hz) in both ears, and click-ABRs were also within normal limits.At the same time, the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the serum were examined.Results ① Females had a shorter latency than males in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) of speech-ABR (P0.05).The V/A slope in females was significantly steeper than that in males (P0.05), and the correlation between wave E and wave F and total testosterone concentration was weakly correlated (P0.05).Conclusion There are correlations between the level of reproductive hormone and the amplitude and latency of speech-ABR.It is one of the reasons for the gender difference in the brainstem speech coding ability of normal young adult.

Fatty acid intake in relation to reproductive hormones and testicular volume among young healthy men / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We examined the association of fat intake with circulating reproductive hormone levels and testicular volume among healthy young Spanish men. This is a cross-sectional study among 209 healthy male volunteers conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in Murcia Region of Spain. Participants completed questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and smoking, and each underwent a physical examination, and provided a blood sample. Linear regression was used to examine the association between each fatty acid type and reproductive hormone levels and testicular volumes. Monounsaturated fatty acids intake was inversely associated with serum blood levels of calculated free testosterone, total testosterone, and inhibin B. A positive association was observed between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and luteinizing hormone concentrations. In addition, the intake of trans fatty acids was associated with lower total testosterone and calculated free testosterone concentrations (P trend = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively related to testicular volume while the intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids was inversely related to testicular volume. These data suggest that fat intake, and particularly intake of omega 3, omega 6, and trans fatty acids, may influence testicular function.

Reversible effect of high altitude on rat testis morphology and spermatogenesis: histological and ultrastructural study / Efecto reversible de la altitud elevada sobre la morfología y espermatogénesis en el testículo de rata: estudios histológico y ultraestructural

The study was carried out at two different altitudes in the southern region of Saudi Arabia: Abha, 2,800 meters above sea level, the high altitude (HA) area and Jazan, 40 meters above sea level the low altitude (LA) area. Following exposure to high altitude, testes of rats revealed various types of atrophy and degeneration in the seminiferous tubules and in the interstitial tissue. There was detachment of the basal laminae of the tubules and a profound decrease in cellularity. When rats were brought back to their habitat (LA) and later examined, many tubules showed normal population of cells including spermatids and spermatozoa. Well-arranged epithelium was seen in most of the seminiferous tubules of these animals, normal interstitial space and no detachment of the basal lamina. Apparently complete recovery had been achieved ultrastructurally, in hypoxic group; some spermatogenic cells lost their normal architecture, being irregular in shape with some features of necrosis, such as shrinkage and pyknotic nuclei characterized by chromatin condensation. Significant decrease in epithelial height was noticed in these animals (P <0.05). Also, the diameter of the tubules showed slight decrease with concomitant increase in interstitial spaces.

El estudio se realizó en dos ciudades con alturas diferentes en la región sur de Arabia Saudita: Abha, a 2.800 metros sobre el nivel del mar, una zona de gran altura (GA) y Jazan, a 40 metros sobre el nivel del mar, área de baja altitud (BA). Después de la exposición a una gran altura, los testículos de ratas revelaron varios tipos de atrofia y degeneración en los túbulos seminíferos y en el tejido intersticial. Hubo desprendimiento de la lámina basal de los túbulos y una disminución profunda en la celularidad. Cuando las ratas fueron devueltas a su hábitat (BA) y posteriormente examinadas, muchos túbulos mostraron un número normal de células, incluyendo espermáticas y espermatozoides. El epitelio se observó normal en la mayoría de los túbulos seminíferos de estos animales, con el espacio intersticial normal y sin desprendimiento de la lámina basal. Al parecer, se logró una recuperación ultraestructural completa en el grupo de hipoxia; algunas células de espermatogénesis perdieron su arquitectura normal, siendo de forma irregular con algunas características de necrosis, como la contracción y núcleos picnóticos caracterizados por condensación de la cromatina. Se observó disminución significativa en la altura del epitelio en estos animales (P <0,05). Además, el diámetro de los túbulos mostró una ligera disminución con aumento concomitante en los espacios intersticiales.

The analysis study based on 973 azoospermia patients′testicular volume,reproductive hormones and sperm cytological / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between the testicular volume and reproductive hormones level with sperm cytological detection results in azoospermic patients .Methods Based on the WHO male infertility etiology diagnosis classification criteria ,973 azoospermic patients were divided into the obstructive azoospermia (OA ) and non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA ) . Then NOA was divided into the existing spermatogenic cells type group and non‐existing spermatogenic cells type group according to the sperm spermatogenic cell detection results .The testicular volume and reproductive hormones levels were statistically analyzed and compared among various groups .Results In 973 azoospermia patients ,235 cases were OA (24 .15% ) and 738 cases were NOA (75 .85% ) .There were 410 cases (55 .56% ) of existing spermatogenic cells type and 328 cases(44 .44% ) of non‐existing spermato‐genic cells type .The testicular volume in the existing spermatogenic cells type group and non‐existing spermatogenic cells of NOA was clearly reduced ,the T and T/LH were lower ,while the LH and FSH levels were significantly increased ,the difference between the OA group and the NOA group had statistical difference (P0 .05) .Conclusion The testicular volume and reproductive hormones level are closely related with the detection quantity of sperm cells and the detection of T /LH is helpful for understanding the relation between the function of leydig cells and basement membrane change .

Reproductive parameters in a 90 day toxicity study of Smart Herbal Purifier®-a poly herbal supplement in male rats.

The study was to evaluate the testicular and epidydimal effects of Smart Herbal Purifier® (SHP) - a poly herbal supplement with a composition of Cassia alata 30 %, Morinda Lucida 30 %, and Nuclea Blend 40 % , in a 90 day repeated dose toxicity test in male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. The study was with control,48,240 and 480 mg/kg SHP treated rats. Sperm motility, debris generation, abnormal sperm morphology, sperm viability, testosterone, Follicular stimulating Hormone (FSH), luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a measure of oxidative stress in the testes were analyzed. Histology of the testes was also examined. There was no significant difference in both Testicular Sperm Number (TSN), Epididymal sperm Number (ESN), the abnormal sperm morphology of both the control and SHP treated groups. A significant increase was observed in the debris generated in the testes and epididymis when control was compared to SHP treated groups. There was also a significant decrease in viability and motility in the testes and epididymis when control was compared to SHP treated group. Testosterone, FSH, LH and Prolactin were not significantly different when control was compared to SHP treated group. MDA was significantly increased when control was compared to the treated groups. Histology of the testes of the treated group showed necrosis of the seminiferous tubules. SHP may have toxicological concerns in the male reproductive system.

The relationship between oestrogen and muscle strength: a current perspective

The relationship between muscle strength and oestrogen is ambiguous and is still largely unresolved. The evidence for and against an effect of oestradiol on determinants of muscle function is equivocal and often contradictory. The bulk of the research in this area was performed during the eighties and nineties, using models of reproductive functioning such as; the menstrual cycle, the menopause and hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives and in vitro fertilisation treatment, to alter the female hormonal milieu. In the last decade, approximately 15 papers have demonstrated a relationship, both positive and negative, between the concentration of oestrogen and skeletal muscle strength. Conversely, around 20 articles have not shown any influence of oestrogen on a number of strength measures. The majority of these studies were performed using post-menopausal and eumenorrheic females. Most current studies use hormonal assays to confirm oestrogen status, however no recent studies have reported the bioavailable concentration of oestradiol. Similarly, no research in the last 10 years has used in vitro fertilisation treatment or pregnancy as acute and chronic models of supra-physiological changes in sex hormone concentration. Future work should focus on performing meta-analyses on each of the key components of muscle strength in an attempt to elucidate a causal relationship. In addition, models of reproductive functioning that cause the greatest magnitude of change to oestrogen concentration should be used, while controlling as many confounding factors as possible.

Association between chromosome variations,abnormalities and male reproductive hormones level with spermatogenesis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the association between chromosome variations,abnormalities and male reproductive hor-mones level with spermatogenesis.Methods The chromosome karyotype,serum reproductive hormone including FSH,LH,T,PRL and E2,and semen were detected in 147 patients with male infertility or recurrent sponotaneous abortion.The results were per-formed the comparative analysis.Results Serum FSH,LH level and the incidence rate of azoospermia in the chromosome abnormal-ity group were significantly higher than those in the chromosome variation group and the normal group(P 0.05).Serum FSH,LH level and the incidence rate of azoospermia in the sex chromosome abnormality group were obviously higher than those in the autosomal abnormality group(P <0.05),the serum T level was signifi-cantly lower than that in the autosomal abnormality group(P <0.05).Conclusion The chromosome variation and abnormality are closely related with the reproductive hormones disorder and spermatogenetic function disorder.The obvious increase of serum FSH, LH level and obvious decrease of T level caused by sex chromosome variation and abnormality is one of the pathogenesis of oligo-spermia and azoospermia.

Study on change of serum ghrelin and sex hormones levels in girls with precocious puberty / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the change of serum ghrelin and sex hormones levels in girls with precocious puberty . Methods 87 girls with precocious puberty were divided into the simple premature thelarche (SPT ) and central precocious puberty (CPP) groups according to the results of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) stimulation test ,size of ovary and uterus ,and de-velopmental status of the secondary sex characteristics ,with 34 age-matched healthy girls as control group .The serum ghrelin level was quantitatively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,luteinizing hormone(LH) ,follicle stimulating hor-mone(FSH) ,estradiol(E2) ,progesterone(PRGE) ,prolactin (PRL) ,testosterone (TSTO) and LH and FSH stimulated by GnRH after 30 ,60 ,90 min were measured by chemoluminescence technique .Results The ghrelin level in the CPP group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0 .05) .The 5 indexes of sex hormone (LH ,FSH ,E2 ,PRL , PRGE) in the CPP group were significantly higher than those in the SPT group and the control group (P0 .05);the TSTO level had no statistically sig-nificant difference among 3 groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The serum levels of ghrelin and 5 indexes of sex hormone (LH ,FSH , E2 ,PRL ,PRGE) in girls with CPP are significantly increased .

Possible mechanisms for the toxic effects of marijuana smoke on the reproductive axis of male albino rats.

The aim of this study was to assess the possible mechanisms for the toxic impact of marijuana smoke on the level of male reproductive hormones and their related genes expression. Male albino rats were enrolled in this study and divided into: (I) control group; (II) and (III) Marijuana smoke exposed groups in which the animals were exposed to marijuana smoke daily for two and four weeks respectively. Serum free testosterone, FSH and LH were assayed. Brain follicle stimulating hormone gene (FSH-B) and luteinizing hormone gene (LH-B) as well as testicular cytochrome P19 (CYP19) genes expression were evaluated. Histological examination of brain and testis tissues was done. Marijuana smoke produced significant reduction in serum reproductive hormones levels. Similarly, it caused significant down-regulation in the expression of reproductive hormones related genes. Histological investigation of brain tissue of marijuana smoke exposed rats revealed marked deterioration in medulla oblogata and cerebellum. While, histological examination of their testis tissues showed no histopathological changes.The present findings suggest that marijuana smoke adversely affects male reproductive function due to its ability to suppress gonadotropin output from pituitary in addition to its impact on the structure and/or function of DNA nucleotide sequences of reproductive hormones related genes. Marijuana smoke could impair fertility in male rats through alteration in circulating levels of reproductive hormones and down-regulation of the expression level of reproductive hormones related genes.

The distribution of serum reproductive hormones in premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the relationship between serum reproductive hormone levels and premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients.Methods We recruited healthy women and breast cancer patients who came to our hospital from September 2007 to February 2012 for routine physical examination or surgery and divided them into premenopausal healthy group Ⅰ and breast cancer group Ⅰ ;Postmenopausal healthy group Ⅱ and breast cancer group Ⅱ,with 175 cases in each group.Reproductive hormone levels was measured in all cases.Results There were significant differences among the four groups on estradiol (E2),testosterone (T),progesterone (P),luteotropic hormone (LH),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),and prolactin (PRL) (F =76.459,57.224,82.932,161.047,74.801 and 15.246 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).In premenopausal cases:There were significant statistical difference on the levels of E2 [(61.5 ±32.2) ng/L vs.(74.1 ±41.6) ng/L],T [(48.1 ±22.2) μg/L vs.(80.1 ±41.8) μg/L],P [(2.9±1.6) μg/Lvs.(3.5 ±1.3) μg/L],LH [(1.3 ±0.9) U/L vs.(3.5 ±1.4) U/L],FSH [(14.8 ±8.9) U/L vs.(25.1 ±23.3) U/L],PRL [(15.8 ±6.7) μg/L vs.(39.4 ±27.4) μg/L] between the healthy Ⅰ group and the breast cancer Ⅰ group (P ＜ 0.05).In postmenopausal cases:There were significant statistical difference on the E2 [(18.8 ± 8.3) ng/L vs.(55.9±34.1) ng/L],T [(34.1 ±16.2) μg/L vs.(84.7 ±66.4) μg/L],P [(1.3 ±0.9) μg/L vs.(3.5 ±1.4) μg/L],LH [(38.1 ±33.7) U/L vs.(45.6 ± 31.2) U/L] in healthy group Ⅱand the breast cancer Ⅱ group (P ＜ 0.05).The difference was statistically significant on the E2 [(74.1 ± 41.6) ng/L vs.(55.9±34.1) ng/L],LH [(3.5 ±1.4) U/L vs.(45.6 ±31.2) U/L],FSH [(25.1 ±23.3) U/L vs.(70.5±58.2) U/L],PRL [(39.4 ±27.4) μg/L vs.(15.9 ±15.5) μg/L] between the breast group of premenopausal and postmenopausal (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Reproductive hormone levels has important clinical significance for the onset and development of breast cancer and provides a reference point for the treatment of menopausal and post-menopausal breast cancer.

Pharmacological evaluation of anti-fertility activity of ethanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf in female albino mice

Objective: Anti-fertility activity of ethanolic extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf in female albino mice. Methods: Jatropha gossypifolia leaf extract, when administered orally, altered the estrous cycle pattern in female mice, prolong the length of estrous cycle with significant increase in the duration of diestrus stage and reduced significantly the number of litters in albino mice. Treatment of mice with extract of 250 and 450 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days caused a prolonged estrous cycle with significant increase in the duration of diestrus phase and elongation of estrus stage in treatment with higher dose (450 mg/kg body weight/day). Results: The analysis of the principal hormones involved in estrous cycle regulation showed that the plant extracts altered gonadrotrophin release (LH, FSH and prolactinn) and estradiol secretion. Conclusions:The results indicated the anti-fertility effect of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf extract in female albino mice.

Effect of modified Wenjing Decoction on reproductive hormones, 5-HT and ?-EP in patients with menopathy of excess-cold syndrome / 中成药

AIM: To observe the treatment effectiveness of menopathy of excessive-cold syndrome by Modified Wenjing Decoction, and to explore the relationship among excessive-cold syndrome of menopathy and 5-HT,?-EP, and reproduetive hormones. METHODS: Sixty patients with menopathy of excess-cold syndrome were successively treated with Modified Wenjing Decoction for three menstrual cycles. The efficacy and the changes of serum 5-HT, Bendorphine(?-EP) and reproductive hormones before and after treatment were observed. RESULTS: 22 patients(36.7%) were short-term therapeutic effect, 28 patients(45.7%) were effective and 10 patients(17.6%) were ineffective. After treatment, the levels of serum FSH、LH、E_2、?-EP were increased significantly (P